Fabric Shrinkage Guide: Expected Shrinkage Rates for Every Fiber
Find out how much cotton, linen, wool, and rayon shrink in the wash. Benchmark percentages and sewing allowances for every popular textile.
Expected Shrinkage Rates by Fiber
| Fiber / Fabric Type | Standard Shrinkage | Pre-Wash Yardage Buffer | Primary Risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Cotton | 3% to 5% | +5% to 8% | Hot water wash & high dryer heat |
| Pure Linen | 5% to 8% | +10% | High warp (lengthwise) contraction |
| Rayon / Viscose | 5% to 10% | +10% to 12% | High shrinkage even in lukewarm water |
| Untreated Wool | 10% to 25%+ (Felting) | Dry Clean Only | Irreversible fiber scale interlocking |
| Polyester / Nylon | 0% to 1.5% | None required | High heat iron melting (not shrinkage) |
How to Test Swatch Shrinkage at Home
Before cutting an expensive pattern, cut a 10" × 10" square swatch with pinking shears. Wash and dry it exactly as you plan to care for the finished garment. Measure again. If it now measures 9.5" × 9.7", you have 5% length shrinkage and 3% width shrinkage.
Enter your measurements into our free Fabric Shrinkage Calculator for precise results.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I wash fabric before sewing?
Yes! Always pre-wash fabric using the exact laundry routine you intend to use for the finished piece.